What Are PFAS?

PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), often known as “forever chemicals,” are a group of synthetic compounds used extensively in various industries, including textiles. Known for their water-resistant, stain-resistant, and heat-resistant properties, PFAS have become common in the production of clothing, especially activewear, outdoor gear, and garments that require durability.

Why Are PFAS Harmful?

PFAS do not break down easily in the environment, earning them the nickname “forever chemicals.” These compounds accumulate in the human body and in wildlife over time, leading to a range of health risks. Common health effects associated with PFAS exposure include:

• Thyroid Dysfunction: PFAS can interfere with thyroid hormone production, leading to metabolic and developmental issues.
• Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity: Exposure to PFAS has been linked to reproductive issues, birth defects, and developmental delays in children.
• Cancer Risk: Certain PFAS, such as PFOA, have been classified as possible carcinogens. Prolonged exposure may increase the risk of cancers, particularly kidney and testicular cancers.
• Immune System Suppression: PFAS can impair the immune system’s response, reducing the effectiveness of vaccinations and the body’s ability to fight infections.
• Elevated Cholesterol: Studies have also shown an association between PFAS exposure and increased cholesterol levels, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Most Common PFAS in Clothing

The following PFAS chemicals are most commonly found in clothing:

• PFOA (Perfluorooctanoic Acid): Found in waterproof clothing, linked to kidney and liver damage.
• PFOS (Perfluorooctane Sulfonate): Found in stain-resistant apparel, linked to immune system suppression.
• Fluorotelomer Alcohols (FTOH): Often found in activewear and swimsuits, which can break down into harmful byproducts.
• PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene): Used in waterproof coatings, related to health risks through its manufacturing process involving PFOA.

Common Types of Clothing Containing PFAS

PFAS are often used in garments where water resistance, stain resistance, or durability is a feature. Here are some of the most common clothing types that contain these chemicals:

1. Sports Bras : These items are often treated to be sweat-resistant or moisture-wicking.

2. Leggings/Yoga Pants – Tight-fitting activewear made from synthetic fibers like spandex, which often contains PFAS for durability and water resistance.

3. Raincoats and Outerwear: Jackets meant to repel water often rely on PFAS to achieve their performance capabilities.

4. Stain-Resistant Uniforms: School uniforms, workwear, and even casual clothing marketed as “stain-resistant.”

5. Swimwear: Swim suits made from synthetic materials like polyester are treated to be resistant to water absorption.

6. Technical Outdoor Apparel: Ski pants, down jackets, and other clothing meant for outdoor activities use PFAS to ensure protection in wet environments.

7. Shoes and Waterproof Footwear: Many hiking boots and water-resistant sneakers include PFAS treatments.

Bonus #8. Wrinkle-Free or “Easy Care” Clothing: Dress shirts and slacks often contain PFAS to maintain their appearance.

Note: Clothing tags do not typically explicitly state the presence of PFAS or other similar chemicals. Instead, they provide general information such as fabric content and care instructions. Labels like “water-resistant,” “stain-resistant,” or “wrinkle-free” may indicate the presence of PFAS, but without explicit disclosure, it’s challenging for consumers to know for certain.

How Our Body Absorbs These Forever Chemicals

Dermal Absorption of PFAS from Clothing:

•Recent Findings: A 2024 study published in Environment International investigated the skin absorption of 17 commonly used PFAS. The research utilized 3D human skin models and found that 15 of the tested substances showed significant dermal absorption, with at least 5% of the applied dose permeating the skin. Notably, perfluoropentanoic acid exhibited a 59% absorption rate, while perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) had a 13.5% absorption rate, with an additional 38% retained within the skin for potential later absorption.

•Chain Length Influence: The study also observed that PFAS with shorter carbon chains were absorbed more readily than those with longer chains. This finding is significant as industries have been shifting towards shorter-chain PFAS, assuming they are less toxic, without fully understanding their absorption potential.

While further research is needed to fully understand the extent of PFAS absorption through clothing and its health impacts, current evidence suggests that dermal exposure is a significant pathway for these chemicals to enter the human body.

How to Minimize Exposure to PFAS in Clothing

• Choose Natural Fibers: Opt for clothing made from untreated natural materials such as organic cotton, wool, or hemp.
• Look for PFAS-Free Labels: Some brands have moved away from PFAS use. Look for certifications or labels that specify PFC-free or PFAS-free.
• Avoid Stain-Resistant or Wrinkle-Free Labels: These products are often treated with PFAS to achieve these properties.

How to Identify PFAS in Clothing:

1. Look for Product Certifications: Some products carry labels that indicate they are PFC-free or PFAS-free. Certifications like OEKO-TEX Standard 100 and Bluesign often include testing for harmful chemicals and can be helpful when identifying safer clothing options.
2. Research the Brand: Many sustainable and eco-friendly brands have committed to eliminating PFAS from their clothing. Checking a brand’s website or sustainability reports can provide information about their chemical use.
3. Avoid Certain Keywords: Keywords like “stain-resistant”, “waterproof”, or “wrinkle-resistant” may suggest that PFAS are present. Choosing untreated natural fabrics or garments without these special properties can minimize exposure.

Recent Studies Affirming PFAS Health Risks

1. Grandjean, P., & Timmermann, C. A. G. (2022), published in Environmental Health Perspectives, reviewed how PFAS exposure affects the human immune system. The study found significant immune suppression effects, linking higher PFAS levels in the blood to reduced immune response in children, particularly lower vaccine efficacy.
2. Barry, V., Winquist, A., & Steenland, K. (2013). Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) Exposure and Cancer Outcomes in a Contaminated Community: A Geographic Analysis. Published in Environmental Health Perspectives.

Conclusion

PFAS are commonly found in clothing designed to be waterproof, stain-resistant, or durable. While these chemicals add performance benefits, their long-term persistence in the environment and their ability to bioaccumulate pose serious health risks. Awareness of PFAS in everyday clothing and making informed choices about the garments we purchase can help mitigate these risks and reduce exposure.

In addition to reducing exposure, it’s crucial to detoxify your body from heavy metals, chemicals, and other harmful substances that accumulate over time. Dr. Colbert will soon be updating his 21 Day Detox & Daniel Fast program for the beginning of the year to help individuals cleanse their bodies and improve overall health. If you’re interested in joining this journey, you can join our Facebook group for updates at facebook.com/groups/divinehealthdetox or sign up for free at 21daydetox.com

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